The thought of eating insects is stomach turning for many, but new Edith Cowan University research is shedding light on allergy causing proteins which could pose serious health risks for those suffering from shellfish allergy.
The research, published in the journal Food Chemistry, identified 20 proteins found in cricket food products which could cause serious allergic reactions for some people.
ECU Professor of Food and Agriculture Michelle Colgrave said crickets and other insects could be the key to feeding for the estimated 9.7 billion people on Earth in 2050.
“More than 2 billion people around the world already eat insects on a daily basis and they could be a sustainable solution, providing protein that complements traditional animal-based protein sources,” she said.
“Crickets are high in protein, nutrient dense and considered environmentally friendly."
“Numerous studies have shown eating insects provide benefits to gut health, lowering blood pressure while being high in antioxidants.”
Crickets are high in protein, nutrient dense and considered environmentally friendly.
Insects might have a strong reaction
While insects show promise as an alternative protein source and have been identified as a high potential emerging industry, their allergenic properties are a concern.
As the world searches for novel and more sustainable forms of food, consideration must also be paid to those with allergenic properties. That is where Professor Colgrave and her team's research, plus CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, fits in.
This research showed a significant overlap in allergenic proteins found in cricket food products and those found in shellfish.
“That’s because crickets, mealworms and other insects are closely related to crustaceans."
“Shellfish allergies affect up to three per cent of people globally, but varies according to age and region, and there’s a good chance that people allergic to shellfish will also react to insects.”
Being an allergen does not prevent insects being used as a food source, however it does mean that insect-based foods need to be tested and labelled correctly to ensure people with allergies don’t unwittingly eat them.
Breaking down the bugs
The research team from ECU, CSIRO, James Cook University and Singapore’s Agency for Science Technology and Research compared proteins from whole crickets, roasted whole crickets and roasted cricket powder products to known allergens.
Their results can now be used to detect cricket-derived allergens in food products that can support allergen labelling and safe food manufacture.
An industry with legs
According to the CSIRO there’s huge potential for insect start-ups, farmers, food producers and First Nations organisations to capitalise on the growing interest in edible insects.
In Australia, more than 60 native insect species have been traditionally consumed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
They include iconic species such as the witjuti (or witchetty) grub, bogong moths, honey pot ants and green tree ants.
The unique cultural knowledge of traditional owners could help boost bush food businesses around the country producing Australian branded edible insect products for the international market.
‘Protein extraction protocols for optimal proteome measurement and arginine kinase quantitation from cricket Acheta domesticus for food safety assessment’ was published in Food Chemistry and can be accessed at the Journal’s web page.