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Professor Tom Riley

Adjunct Professor

Staff Member Details
Email: t.riley@ecu.edu.au
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1351-3740

Background

Since joining ECU in May 2016, Tom has obtained $240,000 in new grants and is collaborating as a Chief Investigator on 3 NHMRC and ARC grants worth $3.5M, and an additional NHMRC collaboration announcement to come. He has had 25 new publications (including in press) This year Tom was selected to participate in the Singaporean Ministry of Health, Health Manpower Development Plan (HMDP) Visiting Experts Scheme through which he has assisted the Singapore hospitals to deal with the treats posed by Clostridium difficile infection. In addition, he has been invited to present at 7 international conferences and meetings in the USA and Malaysia.

Professional Associations

  • Fellow of the Australian Society of Microbiology
  • Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology
  • Fellow of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
  • Fellow of the Faculty of Science of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia

Awards and Prizes

University and National Teaching Awards

  • 2001 – Saal-Foley Lecturer, Australian Institute of Medical Science

National and International Research Positions

  • 2011 – Renown Visiting Researcher Award, Slovenian Research Agency
  • 2009 – Visiting Fellow, Malaysian Medical Association Foundation Infectious Diseases Fund
  • 1997 – Research Fellowship, World Health Organisation
  • 1985 – Public Health Travelling Fellowship, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia

Other

  • 1992 – Bilateral Science and Technology Program Award, Department of Industry and Commerce
  • 1986 – WA & MG SAW Medical Research Fellowship

Research Areas and Interests

  • The pathogenesis and epidemiology of Stenothrophomonas maltophilia infections
  • Erysipelothrix infections in man and animals
  • Infectious disease epidemiology in general, including health care related infection

Qualifications

  • Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Western Australia, 1985.

Research Outputs

2024

Journal Articles

  • O'Grady, K., Hong, S., Putsathit, P., George, N., Hemphill, C., Huntington, PG., Korman, TM., Kotsanas, D., Lahra, M., McDougall, R., McGlinchey, A., Levy, A., Moore, CV., Nimmo, G., Prendergast, L., Robson, J., Speers, DJ., Waring, L., Wehrhahn, MC., Weldhagen, GF., Wilson, RM., Riley, T., Knight, DR. (2024). Defining the phylogenetics and resistome of the major Clostridioides difficile ribotypes circulating in Australia. Microbial Genomics, 10(5), article number 1232. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001232.

2023

Journal Articles

  • Shivaperumal, N., Hain-Saunders, NM., Chang, BJ., Riley, T., Knight, DR. (2023). Complete Genome Sequences Of Evolutionary Clade C-Iii Strains Of Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Isolated From The Environment In Western Australia. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 12(5), TBD. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00239-23.
  • Knight, DR., Imwattana, K., Collins, D., Lim, S., Hong, S., Putsathit, P., Riley, T. (2023). Genomic Epidemiology And Transmission Dynamics Of Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection In Western Australia. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 42(5), 607-619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-023-04569-x.
  • Larcombe, S., Williams, GC., Amy, J., Lim, SC., Riley, T., Muleta, A., Barugahare, AA., Powell, DR., Johanesen, PA., Cheng, AC., Peleg, AY., Lyras, D. (2023). A genomic survey of Clostridioides difficile isolates from hospitalized patients in Melbourne, Australia. Microbiology Spectrum, 11(6), TBD. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01352-23.
  • Chisholm, JM., Putsathit, P., Riley, T., Lim, SC. (2023). Spore-Forming Clostridium (Clostridioides) Difficile In Wastewater Treatment Plants In Western Australia. Microbiology Spectrum, 11(1), 1-11 pp. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03582-22.
  • Khun, PA., Phi, L., Bui, H., Collins, D., Riley, T. (2023). Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in adults with diarrhoea in Vietnam. Anaerobe, 81(June 2023), Article number 102741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102741.
  • Khun, PA., Phi, L., Bui, H., Bui, NT., Vu, L., Trinh, L., Collins, D., Riley, T. (2023). Environmental contamination with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in Vietnam. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 134(6), Article number lxad118. https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxad118.
  • Cautivo-Reyes, K., Knight, DR., Bowie, D., Moreira-Grez, B., Whiteley, AS., Riley, T. (2023). Biogeographic distribution and molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in Western Australian soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 89(10), TBD. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00379-23.
  • Imwattana, K., Shivaperumal, N., Leepattarakit, T., Kiratisin, P., Knight, D., Riley, T. (2023). The Brief Case: a White-Colony-Producing Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 020 Strain. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 61(6), -. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00893-22.
  • Hain-Saunders, N., Knight, D., Bruce, M., Byrne, D., Riley, T. (2023). Genomic Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Recovered from Horses in Western Australia. Microorganisms, 11(7), article number 1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071743.

2022

Journal Articles

  • Lim, SC., Collins, D., Imwattana, K., Knight, D., Perumalsamy, S., Hain-Saunders, N., Putsathit, P., Speers, D., Riley, T. (2022). Whole-genome sequencing links Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile in a single hospital to diverse environmental sources in the community. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 133(3), 1156-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15408.
  • Pitcher, N., Harjani, J., Zhao, Y., Jin, J., Knight, D., Li, L., Putsathit, P., Riley, T., Carter, G., Baell, J. (2022). Development of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Antimicrobial Agents to Treat Enteric Pathogens within the Gastrointestinal Tract. ACS Omega, 7(8), 6737-6759. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06294.
  • Collins, D., Riley, T. (2022). Ridinilazole: a novel, narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent targeting Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 75(3), 526-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13664.
  • Khun, PA., Riley, T. (2022). Epidemiology Of Clostridium (Clostridioides) Difficile Infection In Southeast Asia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 107(3), 517-526. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1167.
  • Collins, D., Marcella, S., Campbell, M., Riley, T. (2022). Linkage study of surveillance and hospital admission data to investigate Clostridium difficile infection in hospital patients in Perth, Western Australia. Anaerobe, 74(April 2022), article number 102528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102528.
  • Khun, PA., Phi, LD., Pham, PT., Thu Nguyen, HT., Huyen Vu, QT., Collins, D., Riley, T. (2022). Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in children with diarrhoea in Vietnam. Anaerobe, 74(April 2022), article number 102550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102550.
  • Imwattana, K., Putsathit, P., Collins, D., Leepattarakit, T., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T., Knight, D. (2022). Global evolutionary dynamics and resistome analysis of Clostridioides difficile ribotype 017. Microbial Genomics, 8(3), Article Number 000792. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000792.
  • Hain-Saunders, N., Knight, D., Bruce, M., Riley, T. (2022). Clostridioides difficile infection and One Health: an equine perspective. Environmental Microbiology, 24(3), 985-997. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15898.
  • Lim, SC., Hain-Saunders, N., Imwattana, K., Putsathit, P., Collins, D., Riley, T. (2022). Genetically related Clostridium difficile from water sources and human CDI cases revealed by whole‐genome sequencing. Environmental Microbiology, 24(3), 1221-1230. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15821.
  • Shivaperumal, N., Knight, D., Imwattana, K., Androga, G., Chang, B., Riley, T. (2022). Esculin hydrolysis negative and TcdA-only producing strains of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile from the environment in Western Australia. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 133(3), 1183-1196. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15500.
  • Kullin, B., Abratt, V., Reid, S., Riley, T. (2022). Clostridioides difficile infection in Africa: A narrative review. Anaerobe, 74(April 2022), Article number 102549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102549.
  • Perumalsamy, S., Lim, SC., Riley, T. (2022). Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile isolated from paediatric patients in Western Australia 2019–2020. Pathology, 54(4), 460-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2021.10.009.
  • Imwattana, K., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T. (2022). Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteroides fragilis in Thailand and their inhibitory effect in vitro on the growth of Clostridioides difficile. Anaerobe, 73(2022), article number 102505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102505.

2021

Journal Articles

  • Imwattana, K., Putsathit, P., Knight, D., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T. (2021). Molecular Characterization of, and Antimicrobial Resistance in, Clostridioides difficile from Thailand, 2017–2018. Microbial Drug Resistance, 27(11), 1505-1512. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2020.0603.
  • Perumalsamy, S., Riley, T. (2021). Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infections in Children. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 10(3), S34-S40. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piab057.
  • O'Grady, K., Riley, T., Knight, D. (2021). Complete genome assemblies of three highly prevalent, toxigenic clostridioides difficile strains causing health care-associated infections in Australia. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 10(31), Article number e00599-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00599-21.
  • Putsathit, P., Hong, S., George, N., Hemphill, C., Huntington, P., Korman, T., Kotsanas, D., Lahra, M., McDougall, R., McGlinchey, A., Moore, C., Nimmo, G., Prendergast, L., Robson, J., Waring, L., Wehrhahn, M., Weldhagen, G., Wilson, R., Riley, T., Knight, D. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance surveillance of Clostridioides difficile in Australia, 2015–18. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 76(7), 1815-1821. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab099.
  • Imwattana, K., Rodríguez, C., Riley, T., Knight, D. (2021). A species-wide genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile. Microbial Genomics, 7(11), Article number 000696. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000696.
  • O’grady, K., Knight, D., Riley, T. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 40(12), 2459 - 2478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-021-04311-5.
  • Tague, A., Putsathit, P., Riley, T., Keller, P., Pyne, S. (2021). Positional isomers of biphenyl antimicrobial peptidomimetic amphiphiles. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 12(3), 413 - 419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00611.
  • Tai, A., Putsathit, P., Eng, L., Imwattana, K., Collins, D., Mulrennan, S., Riley, T. (2021). Clostridioides difficile colonisation and infection in a cohort of Australian adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Hospital Infection, 113(July 2021), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.03.018.
  • Knight, D., Imwattana, K., Kullin, B., Guerrero-Araya, E., Paredes-Sabja, D., Didelot, X., Dingle, K., Eyre, D., Rodríguez, C., Riley, T. (2021). Major genetic discontinuity and novel toxigenic species in Clostridioides difficile taxonomy. eLife, 10(June 2021), Article number e64325. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.64325.
  • Mahadari, M., Jennepalli, S., Tague, A., Putsathit, P., Hutton, M., Hammer, K., Knight, D., Riley, T., Lyras, D., Keller, P., Pyne, S. (2021). Cationic peptidomimetic amphiphiles having a n-aryl- or n-naphthyl-1,2,3-triazole core structure targeting clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile: Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation and an in vivo c. difficile infection model. Antibiotics, 10(8), Article number 913. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080913.
  • Collins, D., Wu, Y., Tateda, K., Kim, H., Vickers, R., Riley, T. (2021). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ridinilazole and six comparators against Chinese, Japanese and South Korean strains of Clostridioides difficile. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 76(4), 967-972. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa522.
  • Slimings, C., Riley, T. (2021). Antibiotics and healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides difficile infection: systematic review and meta-analysis 2020 update. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 76(7), 1676-1688. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab091.

2020

Journal Articles

  • Lim, SC., Knight, D., Moono, P., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2020). Clostridium difficile in soil conditioners, mulches and garden mixes with evidence of a clonal relationship with historical food and clinical isolates. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 12(6), 672-680. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12889.
  • Imwattana, K., Knight, D., Kullin, B., Collins, D., Putsathit, P., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridium difficile ribotype 017. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 18(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2020.1701436.
  • White, N., Barnett, A., Hall, L., Mitchell, B., Farrington, A., Halton, K., Paterson, D., Riley, T., Gardner, A., Page, K., Gericke, C., Graves, N. (2020). Cost-effectiveness of an Environmental Cleaning Bundle for Reducing Healthcare-associated Infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70(12), 2461–2468. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz717.
  • Shivaperumal, N., Chang, B., Riley, T. (2020). High Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in Home Gardens in Western Australia. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 87(1), Article Number: e01572-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01572-20.
  • Lim, SC., Knight, D., Riley, T. (2020). Clostridium difficile and One Health. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26(7), 857-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.023.
  • Collins, D., Sohn, KM., Wu, Y., Ouchi, K., Ishii, Y., Elliott, B., Riley, T., Tateda, K. (2020). Clostridioides difficile infection in the Asia-Pacific region. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 9(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1702480.
  • Lim, SC., Riley, T., Knight, D. (2020). One Health: the global challenge of Clostridium difficile infection. Microbiology Australia, 41(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA20007.
  • Imwattana, K., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T., Knight, D. (2020). Genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Southeast Asia. Anaerobe, 66(December 2020), Article number 102290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102290.
  • Hong, S., Putsathit, P., George, N., Hemphill, C., Huntington, P., Korman, T., Kotsanas, D., Lahra, M., McDougall, R., Moore, C., Nimmo, G., Prendergast, L., Robson, J., Waring, L., Wehrhahn, M., Weldhagen, G., Wilson, R., Riley, T., Knight, D. (2020). Laboratory-based surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection in Australian healthcare and community settings, 2013–2018. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 58(11), Article number e01552-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01552-20.
  • Lew, T., Putsathit, P., Sohn, KM., Wu, Y., Ouchi, K., Ishii, Y., Tateda, K., Riley, T., Collins, D. (2020). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of clostridium difficile isolates from 12 Asia-pacific countries in 2014 and 2015. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 64(7), Article number e00296-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00296-20.
  • Hall, L., White, N., Allen, M., Farrington, A., Mitchell, B., Page, K., Halton, K., Riley, T., Gericke, C., Graves, N., Gardner, A. (2020). Effectiveness of a structured, framework-based approach to implementation: The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) Trial. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 9(1), Article 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-0694-0.
  • Imwattana, K., Putsathit, P., Leepattarakit, T., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T. (2020). Mild or Malign: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infection in Thailand. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 58(9), Article number e01217-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01217-20.

2019

Journal Articles

  • Collins, D., Riley, T. (2019). Clostridium difficile in Asia: Opportunities for One Health Management. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 4(1), Article number tropicalmed4010007. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010007.
  • Roshan, N., Riley, T., Knight, D., Steer, J., Hammer, K. (2019). Natural products show diverse mechanisms of action against Clostridium difficile. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 126(2), 468-479. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14152.
  • Wehrhahahn, M., Keighley, C., Kurtovic, J., Knight, D., Hong, S., Hutton, M., Lyras, D., Wang, Q., Leong, R., Borody, T., Edye, M., Riley, T. (2019). A series of three cases of severe Clostridium difficile infection in Australia associated with a binary toxin producing clade 2 ribotype 251 strain. Anaerobe, 55(February 2019), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.11.009.
  • Mitchell, B., Hall, L., White, N., Barnett, A., Halton, K., Paterson, D., Riley, T., Gardner, A., Page, K., Farrington, A., Gericke, C., Graves, N. (2019). An environmental cleaning bundle and health-care-associated infections in hospitals (REACH): a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(4), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30714-X.
  • Alfayyadh, M., Collins, D., Tempone, S., McCann, R., Armstrong, P., Riley, T., Cook, A. (2019). Recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection in the Western Australian population. Epidemiology and Infection, 147(2019), article no. e153. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268819000499.
  • Knight, D., Riley, T. (2019). Genomic delineation of zoonotic origins of Clostridium difficile. Frontiers in Public Health, 7(June 2019), Article no.164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00164.
  • Tague, A., Putsathit, P., Hutton, M., Hammer, K., Wales, S., Knight, D., Riley, T., Lyras, D., Keller, P., Pyne, S. (2019). Cationic biaryl 1,2,3-triazolyl peptidomimetic amphiphiles targeting Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile: Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation and an in vivo C. difficile infection model. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 170(15 May 2019), 203-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.068.
  • Tague, A., Putsathit, P., Hammer, K., Wales, S., Knight, D., Riley, T., Keller, P., Pyne, S. (2019). Cationic biaryl 1,2,3-triazolyl peptidomimetic amphiphiles: synthesis, antibacterial evaluation and preliminary mechanism of action studies. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 168(15 April 2019), 386-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.013.
  • Knight, D., Kullin, B., Androga, G., Barbut, F., Eckert, C., Johnson, S., Spigaglia, P., Tateda, K., Tsai, P., Riley, T. (2019). Evolutionary and Genomic Insights into Clostridioides difficile Sequence Type 11: a Diverse Zoonotic and Antimicrobial- Resistant Lineage of Global One Health Importance. mBio, 10(2), 17p.. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00446-19.
  • Imwattana, K., Knight, D., Kullin, B., Collins, D., Putsathit, P., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T. (2019). Clostridium difficile ribotype 017 - characterization, evolution and epidemiology of the dominant strain in Asia. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 8(1), 796-807. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1621670.
  • Imwattana, K., Wangroongsarb, P., Riley, T. (2019). High prevalence and diversity of tcdA-negative and tcdB-positive, and non-toxigenic, Clostridium difficile in Thailand. Anaerobe, 57(June 2019), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.03.008.
  • Riley, T., Lyras, D., Douce, GR. (2019). Status of vaccine research and development for Clostridium difficile. Vaccine, 37(50), 7300-7306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.052.
  • Putsathit, P., Neela, V., Joseph, N., Ooi, P., Ngamwongsatit, B., Knight, D., Riley, T. (2019). Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile isolated from piglets. Veterinary Microbiology, 237(October 2019), Article 108408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108408.
  • Collins, D., Carson, K., Riley, T. (2019). Microbiological evaluation of the ability of the DEKO-190 Washer/Disinfector to remove Clostridium difficile spores from bedpan surfaces. Infection, Disease and Health, 24(4), 208-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2019.07.001.
  • Perumalsamy, S., Putsathit, P., Riley, T. (2019). High prevalence of Clostridium difficile in soil, mulch and lawn samples from the grounds of Western Australian hospitals. Anaerobe, 60(December 2019), Article number 102065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.06.018.
  • Hong, S., Knight, D., Riley, T. (2019). The impact of antimicrobial resistance on induction, transmission and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Microbiology Australia, 40(2), 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA19022.
  • Perumalsamy, S., Riley, T. (2019). The changing epidemiology and challenges of paediatric Clostridium difficile infections. Microbiology Australia, 40(4), 157-160. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA19047.
  • Luo, Y., Cheong, E., Bian, Q., Collins, D., Ye, J., Shin, JH., Yam, WC., Takata, T., Song, X., Wang, X., Kamboj, M., Gottlieb, T., Jiang, J., Riley, T., Tang, Y., Jin, D. (2019). Different molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Clostridium difficile in the Asia-Pacific region. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 8(1), 1553-1562. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1682472.
  • Kumar, N., Browne, H., Viciani, E., Forster, S., Clare, S., Harcourt, K., Stares, M., Dougan, G., Fairley, D., Roberts, P., Piromohamed, M., Clokie, M., Jensen, M., Hargreaves, K., Ip, M., Wieler, L., Seyboldt, C., Norén, T., Riley, T., Kuijper, E., Wren, B., Lawley, T. (2019). Adaptation of host transmission cycle during Clostridium difficile speciation. Nature Genetics, 51(9), 1315-1320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0478-8.
  • Androga, G., Knight, D., Hutton, M., Mileto, S., James, M., Evans, C., Lyras, D., Chang, B., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2019). In silico, in vitro and in vivo analysis of putative virulence factors identified in large clostridial toxin-negative, binary toxin-producing C. difficile strains. Anaerobe, 60(December 2019), Article number 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102083.
  • Hong, S., Knight, D., Chang, B., Carman, R., Riley, T. (2019). Phenotypic characterisation of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 251, an emerging multi-locus sequence type clade 2 strain in Australia. Anaerobe, 60(December 2019), Article number 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.06.019.

2018

Journal Articles

  • Riley, T., Kimura, T. (2018). The Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infection in Japan: A Systematic Review. Infectious diseases and therapy, 7(1), 39-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-018-0186-1.
  • Brain, D., Barnett, A., Yakob, L., Clements, A., Riley, T., Halton, K., Grave, N. (2018). Reducing length of stay to improve Clostridium difficile-related health outcomes. Infection, Disease and Health, 23(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2018.01.001.
  • Mitchell, B., White, N., Farrington, A., Allen, M., Page, K., Gardner, A., Halton, K., Riley, T., Gericke, C., Paterson, D., Graves, N., Hall, L. (2018). Changes in knowledge and attitudes of hospital environmental services staff: The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(9), 980-985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.02.003.
  • Amy, J., Bulach, D., Knight, D., Riley, T., Johanesen, P., Lyras, D. (2018). Identification of large cryptic plasmids in Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. Plasmid, 96-97(2018), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.04.001.
  • Androga, G., Knight, D., Lim, SC., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance in large clostridial toxin-negative, binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile ribotypes. Anaerobe, 54(2018), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.007.
  • Roshan, N., Riley, T., Knight, D., Hammer, K. (2018). Effect of natural products on the production and activity of Clostridium difficile toxins in vitro. Scientific Reports, 8(1), Article number 15735. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33954-2.
  • Carter, G., Harjani, J., Li, L., Pitcher, N., Nong, Y., Riley, T., Williamson, D., Stinear, T., Baell, J., Howden, B. (2018). 1,2,4-Oxadiazole antimicrobials act synergistically with daptomycin and display rapid kill kinetics against MDR Enterococcus faecium. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 73(6), 1562-1569. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky064.
  • Riley, T., Collins, D., Karunakaran, R., Kahar, M., Adnan, A., Hassan, SA., Zainul, N., Rustam, F., Wahab, Z., Lee, YY., Ramli, R., Hassan, H. (2018). High prevalence of toxigenic and nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile strains in Malaysia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 56(6), article no.e00170-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00170-18.
  • Lim, SC., Foster, NF., Elliott, B., Riley, T. (2018). High prevalence of Clostridium difficile on retail root vegetables, Western Australia. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 124(2), 585-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13653.
  • McGovern, A., Androga, G., Moono, P., Collins, D., Foster, N., Chang, B., Riley, T. (2018). Evaluation of the Cepheid® Xpert® C. difficile binary toxin (BT) diagnostic assay. Anaerobe, 51(June 2018), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.03.004.
  • Man, N., Knight, D., Stewart, S., McKinley, A., Riley, T., Hammer, K. (2018). Spectrum of antibacterial activity and mode of action of a novel trisstilbene bacteriostatic compound. Scientific Reports, 8(2018), Article no. 6912. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25080-w.
  • Roshan, N., Hammer, K., Riley, T. (2018). Non-conventional antimicrobial and alternative therapies for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Anaerobe, 49(Feb 2018), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.01.003.
  • Roshan, N., Riley, T., Hammer, K. (2018). Effects of natural products on several stages of the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 125(3), 710-723. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13889.
  • Larcombe, S., Hutton, M., Riley, T., Abud, H., Lyras, D. (2018). Diverse bacterial species contribute to antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and gastrointestinal damage. Journal of Infection, 77(5), 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2018.06.006.
  • Brain, D., Yakob, L., Barnett, A., Riley, T., Clements, A., Halton, K., Graves, N. (2018). Economic evaluation of interventions designed to reduce Clostridium difficile infection. PLoS One, 13(1), e0190093. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190093.
  • Carter, G., Ussher, J., Da Silva, A., Baines, S., Heffernan, H., Riley, T., Broadbent, R., Van Der Linden, A., Lee, J., Monk, I., Stinear, T., Howden, B., Williamson, D. (2018). Genomic Analysis of Multiresistant Staphylococcus capitis Associated with Neonatal Sepsis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 62(11), Article number e00898-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00898-18.
  • Knetsch, C., Kumar, N., Forster, S., Connor, T., Browne, H., Harmanus, C., Sanders, I., Harris, S., Turner, L., Morris, T., Perry, M., Miyajima, F., Roberts, P., Pirmohamed, M., Songer, J., Weese, J., Indra, A., Corver, J., Rupnik, M., Wren, B., Riley, T., Kuijper, E., Lawley, T. (2018). Zoonotic Transfer of Clostridium difficile Harboring Antimicrobial Resistance between Farm Animals and Humans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 56(3), e01384-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01384-17.
  • Lim, SC., Androga, G., Knight, D., Moono, P., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2018). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from food and environmental sources in Western Australia. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 52(3), 411-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.013.

2017

Journal Articles

  • Elliott, B., Androga, G., Knight, DR., Riley, T. (2017). Clostridium difficile infection: Evolution, phylogeny and molecular epidemiology. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 49(2017), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.018.
  • Cairns, M., Preston, M., Hall, C., Gerding, D., Hawkey, P., Kato, H., Kim, H., Kuijper, E., Lawley, T., Pituch, H., Reid, S., Kullin, B., Riley, T., Solomon, K., Tsai, P., Weese, J., Stabler, R., Wren, B. (2017). Comparative genome analysis and global phylogeny of the toxin variant Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 017 reveals the evolution of two independent sublineages. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 55(3), 865-876. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01296-16.
  • Collins, D., Putsathit, P., Elliott, B., Riley, T. (2017). Laboratory-based surveillance of Clostridium difficile strains circulating in the Australian healthcare setting in 2012. Pathology, 49(3), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2016.10.013.
  • Collins, D., Selvey, L., Celenza, A., Riley, T. (2017). Community-associated Clostridium difficile infection in emergency department patients in Western Australia. Anaerobe, 48(August 2017), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.008.
  • Moono, P., Lim, SC., Riley, T. (2017). High prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in public space lawns in Western Australia. Scientific Reports, 7(1 Feb. 2017), Article number 41196. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41196.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Suhail, AR., Paterson, D., Helms, S., Yakob, L., McKenzie, S., Garborg, K., Emanuelsson, F., Stollman, N., Kronman, M., Clark, J., Huber, C., Riley, T., Clements, A. (2017). Upper Versus Lower Gastrointestinal Delivery for Transplantation of Fecal Microbiota in Recurrent or Refractory Clostridium difficile Infection. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 51(2), 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000511.
  • Chen, Y., Glass, K., Liu, B., Korda, R., Riley, T., Kirk, M. (2017). Burden of Clostridium difficile infection: Associated hospitalization in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults. American Journal of Infection Control, 45(5), 508-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.12.006.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Clements, A., Foster, N., Huber, C., Song, S., Harris-Brown, T., Yakob, L., Paterson, D., Riley, T. (2017). Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization in two Australian tertiary hospitals, 2012-2014: prospective, repeated cross-sectional study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23(1), 48.e1-48.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.030.
  • Chen, Y., Glass, K., Liu, B., Riley, T., Korda, R., Kirk, M. (2017). A population-based longitudinal study of Clostridium difficile infection-related hospitalization in mid-age and older Australians. Epidemiology and Infection, 145(3), 575-582. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816002260.
  • Knight, DR., Squire, MM., Collins, D., Riley, T. (2017). Genome Analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 014 Lineage in Australian Pigs and Humans Reveals a Diverse Genetic Repertoire and Signatures of Long-Range Interspecies Transmission. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7(2017), Article Number: 2138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02138.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Riley, T., Paterson, D., Foster, N., Huber, C., Hong, S., Harris-Brown, T., Robson, J., Clements, A. (2017). Comparison of Clostridium difficile Ribotypes Circulating in Australian Hospitals and Communities. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 55(1), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01779-16.
  • Putsathit, P., Maneerattanaporn, M., Piewngam, P., Knight, DR., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T. (2017). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated in Thailand. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 6(2017), Article no. 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0214-z.
  • Collins, D., Gasem, MH., Habibie, TH., Arinton, IG., Hendriyanto, P., Hartana, AP., Riley, T. (2017). Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Indonesia. New Microbes and New Infections, 18(July 2017), 34-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2017.04.006.
  • Stoesser, N., Eyre, D., Quan, TP., Godwin, H., Pill, G., Mbuvi, E., Vaughan, A., Griffiths, D., Martin, J., Fawley, W., Dingle, K., Oakley, S., Wanelik, K., Finney, J., Kachrimanidou, M., Moore, C., Gorbach, S., Riley, T., Crook, D., Peto, T., Wilcox, M., Walker, AS. (2017). Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants in Oxfordshire, UK: Risk factors for colonization and carriage, and genetic overlap with regional C. difficile infection strains. PLoS One, 12(8), Article no. e0182307. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182307.
  • Roshan, N., Riley, T., Hammer, K. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of natural products against Clostridium difficile in vitro. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 123(1), 92-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13486.
  • McGovern, AM., Androga, GO., Knight, DR., Watson, MW., Elliott, B., Foster, NF., Chang, BJ., Riley, T. (2017). Prevalence of binary toxin positive Clostridium difficile in diarrhoeal humans in the absence of epidemic ribotype 027. PLoS One, 12(11), article no. e0187658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187658.
  • Engelhardt, N., Foster, N., Hong, S., Riley, T., McGechie, D. (2017). Comparison of two environmental sampling tools for the detection of Clostridium difficile spores on hard bathroom surfaces in the hospital setting. Journal of Hospital Infection, 96(3), 295-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.03.028.
  • Cheong, E., Roberts, T., Rattanavong, S., Riley, T., Newton, P., Dance, D. (2017). Clostridium difficile infection in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: first isolationand review of the literature. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(September), Article No. 635. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2737-6.
  • Mitchell, B., Farrington, A., Allen, M., Gardner, A., Hall, L., Barnett, A., Halton, K., Page, K., Dancer, S., Riley, T., Gericke, C., Paterson, D., Graves, N. (2017). Variation in hospital cleaning practice and process in Australian hospitals: A structured mapping exercise. Infection, Disease and Health, 22(4), 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2017.08.001.
  • Zainul, NH., Ma, ZF., Besari, A., Hassan, SA., Rahman, RA., Collins, D., Hamid, N., Riley, T., Lee, YY. (2017). Prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection and colonization in a tertiary hospital and elderly community of North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Epidemiology and Infection, 145(14), 3012-3019. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817002011.
  • Malhi, H., Tu, J., Riley, T., Kumarasinghe, S., Hammer, K. (2017). Tea tree oil gel for mild to moderate acne; a 12 week uncontrolled, open-label phase II pilot study. Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 58(3), 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.12465.
  • Putsathit, P., Maneerattanaporn, M., Piewngam, P., Kiratisin, P., Riley, T. (2017). Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Thailand. New Microbes and New Infections, 15(n/a), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2016.10.004.

2016

Journal Articles

  • Collins, D., Riley, T. (2016). Routine detection of Clostridium difficile in Western Australia. Anaerobe, 37(2016), 34-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.11.007.
  • Knight, D., Androga, G., Ballard, S., Howden, B., Riley, T. (2016). A Phenotypically Silent vanB2 Operon Carried on a Tn1549-Like Element in Clostridium difficile. mSphere, 1(4), article no. e00177-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00177-16.
  • Trubiano, J., Cheng, A., Korman, T., Roder, C., Campbell, A., May, M., Blyth, C., Ferguson, J., Blackmore, T., Riley, T., Athan, E. (2016). Australasian Society of Infectious Diseases updated guidelines for the management of Clostridium difficile infection in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand. Internal Medicine Journal, 46(4), 479-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.13027.
  • Selvey, L., Slimings, C., Joske, D., Riley, T. (2016). Clostridium difficile infections amongst patients with haematological malignancies: A data linkage study. PLoS One, 11(6), e0157839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157839.
  • Carson, K., Riley, T. (2016). Comparison of the Vidas C. difficile and Quik Chek-60 glutamate dehydrogenase assays for the detection of Clostridium difficile in faecal samples. Pathology, 48(5), 506-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2016.04.007.
  • Knight, D., Riley, T. (2016). Clostridium difficile clade 5 in Australia: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of PCR ribotypes of human and animal origin. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 71(8), 2213-2217. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkw124.
  • Cheng, AC., Collins, D., Elliott, B., Ferguson, JK., Paterson, DL., Thean, S., Riley, T. (2016). Laboratory-based surveillance of Clostridium difficile circulating in Australia, September – November 2010. Pathology, 48(3), 257-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2016.02.005.
  • Knight, DR., Putsathit, P., Elliott, B., Riley, T. (2016). Contamination of Australian newborn calf carcasses at slaughter with Clostridium difficile. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22(3), 266.e1-266.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.017.
  • Hall, L., Farrington, A., Mitchell, B., Barnett, A., Halton , K., Allen, M., Page, K., Gardner, A., Havers, S., Bailey, E., Dancer, S., Riley, T., Gericke, C., Paterson, D., Graves, N. (2016). Researching effective approaches to cleaning in hospitals: protocol of the REACH study, a multi-site stepped-wedge randomised trial. Implementation Science, 11(1), Article no. 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0406-6.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Yakob, L., Riley, T., Paterson, D., Baker, P., McKenzie, S., Robson, J., Clements, A. (2016). Community-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection, Queensland, Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22(9), 1659-1661. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2209.151115.
  • Dunne, E., Carville, K., Riley, T., Bowman, J., Leach, A., Cripps, A., Murphy, D., Jacoby, P., Lehmann, D. (2016). Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Western Australia carry different serotypes of pneumococci with different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Pneumonia, 8(2016), Article Number: 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41479-016-0015-9.
  • Moono, P., Foster, N., Hampson, D., Knight, D., Bloomfield, L., Riley, T. (2016). Clostridium difficile Infection in Production Animals and Avian Species: A Review. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 13(12), 647-655. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2016.2181.
  • Lim, SC., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2016). Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile to the food preservatives sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate and sodium metabisulphite. Anaerobe, 37(1), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.12.004.
  • Moono, P., Putsathit, P., Knight, D., Squire, M., Hampson, D., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2016). Persistence of Clostridium difficile RT 237 infection in a Western Australian piggery. Anaerobe, 37(01), 62-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.11.012.
  • Bloomfield, L., Riley, T. (2016). Epidemiology and risk factors for community-associated Clostridium difficile infection: A narrative review. Infectious diseases and therapy, 5(3), 231-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-016-0117-y.

2015

Journal Articles

  • Eyre, DW., Tracey, L., Elliott, B., Slimings, C., Huntington, PG., Stuart, RL., Korman, TM., Kotsiou, G., McCann, R., Griffiths, D., Fawley, WN., Armstrong, P., Dingle, KE., Walker, AS., Peto, TE., Crook, DW., Wilcox, MH., Riley, T. (2015). Emergence and spread of predominantly community-onset Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 244 infection in Australia, 2010 to 2012. Euro Surveillance, 20(10), 21059. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.10.21059.
  • Tracey, L., Kirke, A., Armstrong, P., Riley, T. (2015). From the hospital to the home – The rise and rise of Clostridium difficile infection. Australian Family Physician, 44(10), 712-717.
  • Yakob, L., Riley, T., Paterson, D., Marquess, J., Magalhaes, R., Furuya-Kanamori, L., Clements, A. (2015). Mechanisms of hypervirulent Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 displacement of endemic strains: An epidemiological model. Scientific Reports, 5(2015), Article no. 12666. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12666.
  • Wales, S., Hammer, K., King, AM., Tague, A., Lyras, D., Riley, T., Keller, P., Pyne, S. (2015). Binaphthyl-1,2,3-triazole peptidomimetics with activity against Clostridium difficile and other pathogenic bacteria. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 13(20), 5743-5756. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ob00576k.
  • Wales, S., Hammer, K., Somphol, K., Kemker, I., Schroder, D., Tague, A., Brkic, Z., King, A., Lyras, D., Riley, T., Bremner, J., Keller, P., Pyne, S. (2015). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of binaphthyl-based, functionalized oxazole and thiazole peptidomimetics. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 13(44), 10813-10824. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01638j.
  • Androga, G., Hart, J., Foster, N., Charles, A., Forbes, D., Riley, T. (2015). Infection with toxin a-negative, toxin b-negative, binary toxin-positive clostridium difficile in a young patient with ulcerative colitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 53(11), 3702-3704. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01810-15.
  • Mori, N., Yoshizawa, S., Saga, T., Ishii, Y., Murakami, H., Iwata, M., Collins, D., Riley, T., Tateda, K. (2015). Incorrect diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection in a university hospital in Japan. J Infect Chemother, 21(10), 718-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2015.06.009.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Stone, J., Clark, J., McKenzie, S., Yakob, L., Paterson, D., Riley, T., Doi, S., Clements, A. (2015). Comorbidities, exposure to medications, and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 36(2), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2014.39.
  • Ngamskulrungroj, P., Sanmee, S., Pusathit, P., Piewngam, P., Elliott, B., Riley, T., Kiratisin, P. (2015). Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in a large teaching hospital in Thailand. PLoS One, 10(5), Article number e0127026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127026.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., McKenzie, S., Yakob, L., Clark, J., Paterson, D., Riley, T., Clements, A. (2015). Clostridium difficile infection seasonality: Patterns across hemispheres and continents – A systematic review. PLoS One, 10(3), Article no. e0120730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120730.
  • Androga, G., McGovern, A., Elliott, B., Chang, B., Perkins, T., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2015). Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert C. difficile/Epi and Meridian Bioscience illumigene C. difficile Assays for Detecting Clostridium difficile Ribotype 033 Strains. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 53(3), 973-975. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03297-14.
  • Jennepalli, S., Hammer, K., Riley, T., Pyne, S., Keller, P. (2015). Synthesis of mono and bis[60]fullerene-based dicationic peptoids. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015(1), 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201403046.
  • Collins, D., Elliott, B., Riley, T. (2015). Molecular methods for detecting and typing of Clostridium difficile. Pathology, 47(3), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0000000000000238.
  • Knight, DR., Elliott, B., Chang, BJ., Perkins, TT., Riley, T. (2015). Diversity and Evolution in the Genome of Clostridium difficile. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28(3), 721-741. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00127-14.
  • Knight, D., Giglio, S., Huntington, P., Korman, T., Kotsanas, D., Moore, C., Paterson, D., Prendergast, L., Huber, C., Robson, J., Waring, L., Wehrhahn, M., Weldhagen, G., Wilson, R., Riley, T. (2015). Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Australian isolates of Clostridium difficile, 2013–14. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 70(11), 2992-2999. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkv220.
  • Putsathit, P., Kiratisin, P., Ngamwongsatit, P., Riley, T. (2015). Clostridium difficile infection in Thailand. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 45(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.09.005.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Wangdi, K., Yakob, L., McKenzie, S., Doi, S., Clark, J., Paterson, D., Riley, T., Clements, A. (2015). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Clostridium difficile Infection: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 41(5), 890-895. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607115623457.
  • Putsathit, P., Morgan, J., Bradford, D., Engelhardt, N., Riley, T. (2015). Evaluation of the BD Max Cdiff assay for the detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in human stool specimens. Pathology, 47(2), 165-168. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0000000000000214.
  • Knight, D., Squire, M., Riley, T. (2015). Nationwide surveillance study of Clostridium difficile in Australian neonatal pigs shows high prevalence and heterogeneity of PCR ribotypes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81(1), 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03032-14.
  • Knight, D., Hart, J., Gottardo, N., Eyre, D., Crook, D., Riley, T. (2015). Two cases of Clostridium difficile infection in unrelated oncology patients attributable to a single clone of C. difficile PCR ribotype 126. JMM Case Reports, Online(Online), 5p.. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000043.
  • Mackin, KE., Elliott, B., Kotsanas, D., Howden, BP., Carter, GP., Korman, TM., Riley, T., Rood, JI., Jenkin, GA., Lyras, D. (2015). Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Clostridium difficile clinical isolates from Victoria, Australia. Anaerobe, 34(1), 80-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.05.001.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Marquess, J., Yakob, L., Riley, T., Paterson, D., Foster, N., Huber, C., Clements, A. (2015). Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization: epidemiology and clinical implications. BMC Infectious Diseases, 15(1), Article no. 516. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1258-4.
  • Chong, R., Shinwari, M., Amigh, M., Aravena-Roman, M., Riley, T. (2015). First report of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae-associated septicaemia and histologic changes in cultured Australian eels, Anguilla reinhardtii (Steindachner, 1867) and A. australis (Richardson, 1841). Journal of Fish Diseases, 38(9), 837-847. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12293.

2014

Journal Articles

  • Yakob, L., Riley, T., Paterson, D., Marquess, J., Clements, A. (2014). Assessing control bundles for Clostridium difficile: a review and mathematical model. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 3(2014), Article no. e43. https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2014.43.
  • Manzo, C., Merrigan, M., Johnson, S., Gerding, D., Riley, T., Silva, J., Brazier, J., Tang-Feldman, Y., Delmee, M., Wilks, M., Mulligan, M. (2014). International typing study of Clostridium difficile. Anaerobe, 28(2014), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.04.005.
  • Foster, N., Collins, D., Ditchburn, S., Duncan, C., Van Schalkwyk, J., Golledge, C., Keed, A., Riley, T. (2014). Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in two tertiary-care hospitals in Perth, Western Australia: a cross-sectional study. New Microbes and New Infections, 2(3), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/nmi2.43.
  • Tan, XQ., Verrall, AJ., Jureen, R., Riley, T., Collins, D., Lin, RT., Balm, MN., Chan, D., Tambyah, PA. (2014). The emergence of community-onset Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary hospital in Singapore: A cause for concern. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 43(1), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.09.011.
  • Dingle, K., Elliott, B., Robinson, E., Griffiths, D., Eyre, D., Stoesser, N., Vaughan, A., Golubchik, T., Fawley, WN., Wilcox, MH., Peto, TE., Walker, AS., Riley, T., Crook, DW., Didelot, X. (2014). Evolutionary history of the Clostridium difficile pathogenicity locus. Genome Biology and Evolution, 6(1), 36-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evt204.
  • Elliott, B., Dingle, K., Didelot, X., Crook, DW., Riley, T. (2014). The complexity and diversity of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile clade 5. Genome Biology and Evolution, 6(12), 3159-3170. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu248.
  • Aravena-Roman, M., Inglis, T., Riley, T., Chang, B. (2014). Distribution of 13 virulence genes among clinical and environmental Aeromonas spp. in Western Australia. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: an international journal on pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of infectious diseases, 33(11), 1889-1895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2157-0.
  • Furuya-Kanamori, L., Robson, J., Soares Magalhaes, R., Yakob, L., McKenzie, S., Paterson, D., Riley, T., Clements, A. (2014). A population-based spatio-temporal analysis of Clostridium difficile infection in Queensland, Australia over a 10-year period. Journal of Infection, 69(5), 447-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2014.06.014.
  • Hart , J., Putsathit, P., Knight, D., Sammels, L., Riley, T., Keil, A. (2014). Clostridium difficile infection diagnosis in a paediatric population: comparison of methodologies. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: an international journal on pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of infectious diseases, 33(9), 1555-1564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2108-9.
  • Lim, SK., Stuart, RL., Mackin, KE., Carter, GP., Kotsanas, D., Francis, MJ., Easton, M., Dimovski, K., Elliott, B., Riley, T., Hogg, G., Paul, E., Korman, T., Seemann, T., Stinear, TP., Lyras, D., Jenkin, GA. (2014). Emergence of a ribotype 244 strain of clostridium difficile associated with severe disease and related to the epidemic ribotype 027 strain. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58(15 June), 1723-1730. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu203.
  • Knight, D., Squire, M., Riley, T. (2014). Laboratory detection of Clostridium difficile in piglets in Australia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 52(11), 3856-3862. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01225-14.
  • Huber, C., Hall, L., Foster, N., Gray, M., Allen, M., Richardson , L., Robson, J., Vohra, R., Schlebusch, S., George, N., Nimmo, G., Riley, T., Paterson, D. (2014). Surveillance snapshot of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals across Queensland detects binary toxin producingribotype UK 244. Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report, 38(4), E279-E284.
  • Lee, J., Lee, Y., Lee, K., Riley, T., Kim, H. (2014). The changes of PCR ribotype and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile in a tertiary care hospital over 10 years. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 63(6), 819-823. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.072082-0.
  • Pickering, J., Smith-Vaughan, H., Beissbarth, J., Bowman, M., Wiertsema, S., Riley, T., Leach, A., Richmond, P., Lehmann, D., Kirkham, L. (2014). Diversity of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Strains Colonizing Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 52(5), 1352-1357. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03448-13.
  • Slimings, C., Armstrong, P., Beckingham, WD., Bull, AL., Hall, L., Kennedy, K., Marquess, J., McCann, R., Menzies, A., Mitchell, BG., Richards, MJ., Smollen, PC., Tracey, L., Wilkinson, IJ., Wilson, FL., Worth, LJ., Riley, T. (2014). Increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infection, Australia, 2011-2012. Medical Journal of Australia, 200(5), 272-276. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja13.11153.
  • Slimings, C., Riley, T. (2014). Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: update of systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 69(4), 881-891. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkt477.

2013

Journal Articles

  • Collins, D., Hawkey, P., Riley, T. (2013). Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Asia. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2(1), Article number 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-2-21.
  • Squire, MM., Carter, GP., Mackin, KE., Chakravorty, A., Noren, T., Elliott, B., Lyras, D., Riley, T. (2013). Novel molecular type of clostridium difficile in neonatal pigs, Western Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19(5), 790-792. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1905.121062.
  • Duncan, C., Riley, T., Carson, K., Budgeon, C., Siffleet, J. (2013). The effect of an acidic cleanser versus soap on the skin pH and micro-flora of adult patients:A non-randomised two group crossover study in an intensive care unit. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 29(5), 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2013.03.005.
  • Squire, M., Riley, T. (2013). Clostridium difficile infection in humans and piglets: a ‘one health’ opportunity. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 365(2013), 299-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2012_237.
  • Friedman, N., Pollard, J., Stupart, D., Knight, D., Khajehnoori, M., Davey, E., Parry, L., Riley, T. (2013). Prevalence of Clostridium difficile colonization among healthcare workers. BMC Infectious Diseases, 13(1), Article no. 459. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-459.
  • Aravena-Roman, M., Beaz-Hidalgo, R., Inglis, T., Riley, T., Martinez-Murcia, A., Chang, B., Figueras, M. (2013). Aeromonas australiensis sp. nov., isolated from irrigation water. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(PART 6), 2270-2276. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.040162-0.
  • Thomsen, N., Hammer, K., Riley, T., Belkum, A., Carson, C. (2013). Effect of habituation to tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil on the subsequent susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. to antimicrobials, triclosan, tea tree oil, terpinen-4-ol and carvacrol. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 41(4), 343-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.011.
  • Carson, K., Boseiwaqa, L., Thean, S., Foster, N., Riley, T. (2013). Isolation of Clostridium difficile from faecal specimens – a comparison of chromID C. difficile agar and cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 62(2013), 1423-1427. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.056515-0.
  • Blackwood, B., Thompson, G., McMullan, R., Stevenson, M., Riley, T., Alderdice, F., Trinder, TJ., Lavery, G., McAuley, D. (2013). Tea tree oil (5%) body wash versus standard care (Johnson’s Baby Softwash) to prevent colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 68(5), 1193-1199. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dks501.
  • Boseiwaqa, L., Foster, N., Thean, S., Squire, M., Riley, T., Carson, K. (2013). Comparison of ChromID C. difficile agar and cycloserine-cefoxitinfructose agar for the recovery of Clostridium difficile. Pathology, 45(5), 495-500. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0b013e3283632680.
  • Boulos, R., Man, N., Lengkeek, N., Hammer, K., Foster, N., Stemberger, N., Skelton, B., Wong, PY., Martinac, B., Riley, T., McKinley, A., Stewart, S. (2013). Inspiration from Old Dyes: Tris(stilbene) compounds as potent gram-positive antibacterial agents. Chemistry: A European Journal, 19(52), 17980-17988. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201303119.
  • Goh, S., Hussain, H., Chang, B., Emmett, W., Riley, T., Mullany, P. (2013). Phage C2 mediates transduction of Tn6215, encoding erythromycin resistance, between Clostridium difficile strains. mBio, 4(6), Article no. e00840-13. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00840-13.
  • Knight, D., Thean, S., Putsathit, P., Fenwick, S., Riley, T. (2013). Cross-Sectional Study Reveals High Prevalence of Clostridium difficile Non-PCR Ribotype 078 Strains in Australian Veal Calves at Slaughter. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79(8), 2630-2635. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03951-12.
  • Knight, D., Riley, T. (2013). Prevalence of gastrointestinal clostridium difficile carriage in Australian sheep and lambs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79(18), 5689-5692. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01888-13.
  • He, M., Miyajima, F., Roberts, P., Ellison, L., Pickard, D., Martin, M., Connor, T., Harris, S., Fairley, D., Bamford, K., D'arc, S., Brazier, J., Brown, D., Coia, J., Douce, G., Gerding, D., Kim, H., Koh, T., Kato, H., Senoh, M., Louie, T., Michell, S., Butt, E., Peacock, S., Brown, N., Riley, T., Songer, G., Wilcox, M., Pirmohamed, M., Kuijper, E., Hawkey, P., Wren, B., Dougan, G., Parkhill, J., Lawley, T. (2013). Emergence and global spread of epidemic healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile. Nature Genetics, 45(1), 109-113. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2478.
  • Yakob, L., Riley, T., Paterson, D., Clements, A. (2013). Clostridium difficile exposure as an insidious source of infection in healthcare settings: An epidemiological model. BMC Infectious Diseases, 13(1), Article Number 376. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-376.
  • Vaughan-Higgins, R., Bradfield, K., Friend, JA., Riley, T., Vitali, SD. (2013). Erysipelas in a numbat (myrmecobius fasciatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 44(1), 208-211. https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.208.
  • De Almeida, M., Heffernan, H., Dervan, A., Bakker, S., Freeman, J., Bhally, H., Taylor, S., Riley, T., Roberts, S. (2013). Severe Clostridium difficile infection in New Zealand associated with an emerging strain, PCR-ribotype 244. New Zealand Medical Journal, 126(1380), 9-14.

2012

Journal Articles

  • Foster, N., Riley, T. (2012). Improved recovery of Clostridium difficile spores with the incorporation of synthetic taurocholate in cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar (CCFA). Pathology, 44(4), 354-356. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0b013e328353a235.
  • Aravena-Roman, M., Inglis, T., Henderson, B., Riley, T., Chang, B. (2012). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aeromonas strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources to 26 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56(2), 1110-1112. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.05387-11.
  • Hammer, K., Carson, C., Riley, T. (2012). Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil and the major monoterpene component terpinen-4-ol on the development of single- and multistep antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56(2), 909-915. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.05741-11.
  • Sudjana, A., Carson, C., Carson, K., Riley, T., Hammer, K. (2012). Candida albicans adhesion to human epithelial cells and polystyrene and formation of biofilm is reduced by sub-inhibitory Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil. Medical Mycology, 50(8), 863-870. https://doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2012.683540.
  • Ireland, D., Greay, S., Hooper, C., Kissick, H., Filion, P., Riley, T., Beilharz, M. (2012). Topically applied Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil causes direct anti-cancer cytotoxicity in subcutaneous tumour bearing mice. Journal of Dermatological Science, 67(2), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.05.005.
  • Sathyendran, V., Riley, T., Roberts, S., Freeman, J. (2012). Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Anaerobe, 18(3), 270-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.01.006.
  • Verwer, P., Robinson, J., Coombs, G., Wijesuriya, T., Murray, R., Verbrugh, H., Riley, T., Nouwen, J., Christiansen, K. (2012). Prevalence of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthcare workers in a Western Australian acute care hospital. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: an international journal on pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of infectious diseases, 31(6), 1067-1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-011-1408-6.
  • Sun, W., Jacoby, P., Riley, T., Bowman, J., Leach, AJ., Coates, H., Weeks, S., Cripps, A., Lehmann, D. (2012). Association between early bacterial carriage and otitis media in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in a semi-arid area of Western Australia: A cohort study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 12(21 December 2012), Article no.366. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-12-366.
  • Hutton, P., Durmic, Z., Ghisalberti, E., Flematti, G., Duncan, R., Carson, C., Riley, T., Vercoe, P. (2012). Inhibition of ruminal bacteria involved in lactic acid metabolism by extracts from Australian plants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 176(1-4), 170-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.020.
  • Stabler, R., Dawson, L., Valiente, E., Cairns, M., Martin, M., Donahue, E., Riley, T., Songer, J., Kuijper, E., Dingle, K., Wren, B. (2012). Macro and micro diversity of Clostridium difficile isolates from diverse sources and geographical locations. PLoS One, 7(3), Article no. e31559. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031559.

2011

Journal Articles

  • Cheng, A., Ferguson, J., Richards, M., Robson, J., Gilbert, G., McGregor, A., Roberts, S., Korman, T., Riley, T. (2011). Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Medical Journal of Australia, 194(7), 353-358.
  • Edmonson, M., Newall, N., Carville , K., Smith , J., Riley, T., Carson, C. (2011). Uncontrolled, open-label, pilot study of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil solution in the decolonisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive wounds and its influence on wound healing. International Wound Journal, 8(4), 375-384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2011.00801.x.
  • Wiertsema, S., Kirkham, L., Corscadden, K., Mowe, E., Bowman, J., Jacoby, P., Francis, R., Vijayasekaran, S., Coates, H., Riley, T., Richmond, P. (2011). Predominance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in children with otitis media following introduction of a 3+0 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule. Vaccine, 29(32), 5163-5170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.035.
  • Jacoby, P., Carville, K., Hall , G., Riley, T., Bowman, J., Leach, A., Lehmann, D. (2011). Crowding and other strong predictors of upper respiratory tract carriage of otitis media-related bacteria in Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 30(6), 480-485. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318217dc6e.
  • Ferguson, J., Cheng, A., Gilbert, G., Gottlieb, T., Kormanjj, T., McGregor, A., Richards, M., Roberts, S., Robson, J., Van Gessel, H., Riley, T. (2011). Clostridium difficile laboratory testing in Australia and New Zealand: national survey results and Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases recommendations for best practice. Pathology, 43(5), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0b013e328348c9b4.
  • Lengkeek, NA., Boulos, RA., McKinley, AJ., Riley, T., Martinac, B., Stewart, SG. (2011). The synthesis of fluorescent DNA intercalator precursors through efficient multiple heck reactions. Australian Journal of Chemistry: an international journal for chemical science, 64(3), 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH10374.
  • Thean, S., Elliott, B., Riley, T. (2011). Clostridium difficile in horses in Australia – a preliminary study. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 60(8), 1188-1192. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.030908-0.
  • Aravena-Roman, M., Harnett, G., Riley, T., Inglis, T., Chang, B. (2011). Aeromonas aquariorum is widely distributed in clinical and environmental specimens and can be misidentified as Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49(8), 3006-3008. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00472-11.
  • Aravena-Roman, M., Chang, B., Riley, T., Inglis, T. (2011). Phenotypic characteristics of human clinical and environmental Aeromonas in Western Australia. Pathology, 43(4), 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0b013e3283463592.
  • Elliott, B., Squire, MM., Thean, S., Chang, BJ., Brazier, JS., Rupnik, M., Riley, T. (2011). New types of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strains among clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in Australia. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 60(8), 1108-1111. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.031062-0.
  • Richards, M., Knox, J., Elliott, B., Mackin, K., Lyras, D., Waring, LJ., Riley, T. (2011). Severe infection with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 acquired in Melbourne, Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 194(7), 369-371.
  • Thomsen, P., Jensen, T., Hammer, K., Carson, C., Mølgaard, P., Riley, T. (2011). Survey of the antimicrobial activity of commercially available Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil products in vitro. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(9), 835-841. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0508.

Research Projects

  • Clostridium difficile infection in paediatric haematology/oncology patients, Channel 7 Telethon Trust, Grant, 2023 ‑ 2025, $220,484.
  • The cobas® Liat® point-of-care (POC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system for the laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile disease in the emergency department: implementation, evaluation and impact., F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Roche Molecular Systems, 2019 ‑ 2020, $100,000.
  • Reducing hospital-identified Clostridium difficile infection by reducing environmental sources of C. difficile , Department of Health WA, Research Translation Projects, 2017 ‑ 2020, $269,544.
  • Clostridium difficile infection in Western Australian (WA) adults with cystic fibrosis – disease burden, molecular epidemiology, clinical impact and the potential correlation with the gut microbiome, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Research Advisory Committee Funding Grant 2017/18, 2017 ‑ 2018, $40,000.
  • Evaluation of the “new” Cepheid Xpert C. difficile BT assay for the laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile disease, Cepheid, Grant, 2016 ‑ 2017, $41,234.
  • Investigating Clostridium difficile infection in Western Australia using linked data, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation (US), Grant, 2016 ‑ 2017, $138,842.
  • Hydrosol ointment/cream for the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus (‘golden staph’) nasal carriage, Kayban Pty Ltd, Grant, 2016 ‑ 2017, $49,820.

Research Student Supervision

Current Supervisions

Completed Supervisions

Principal Supervisor

  • Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in the Asia-Pacific region
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